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GYXU > Billiard > SQUIRT FAQ 12 April 2005 04:24:38
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SQUIRT FAQ

Patrick Johnson 12 April 2005 04:24:38
 This is from Ron Shepard's most excellent paper, "Everything You Always
Wanted to Know About Cue Ball Squirt, But Were Afraid to Ask". Even
though a link to Ron's paper is in the RSB FAQ, I'd like to see this
succinct summary of the most common questions about this important topic
given its own permanent home where it can be easily referenced (either
in the RSB FAQ or separately linked from the RSB FAQ). If nothing else,
it would save us from going over the same ground every time one of these
frequently raised questions comes up.

Hope you don't mind, Ron.

Pat Johnson
Chicago

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

SQUIRT FAQ
(from Ron Shepard's "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Cue Ball
Squirt, But Were Afraid to Ask")


1. How can squirt be minimized? By reducing the tip offset or by using
a cue stick with a small endmass.

2. Does shaft flexibility affect squirt? No, not directly. Shaft
flexibility may affect the endmass and thereby affect squirt indirectly,
but this is probably a relatively minor effect. This means that the
player is able to choose a cue with a desired amount of shaft
flexibility for other reasons, without having to compromise the
squirt characteristics.

3. Does tip curvature affect squirt? No, not according to the above
analysis, except for the fact that the tip curvature affects the actual
tip offset for a given shaft offset. However, there are data at the
Predator web site that suggests that a rounder tip (i.e. a dime radius
compared to the larger nickel radius) reduces squirt.

4. Does squirt depend on shot speed? No, not directly. Shot speed
might affect the endmass, but this is probably a relatively minor
effect. The observation that different aiming is required for different
shot speeds, particularly on longer shots, is probably due to cue ball
swerve, not to squirt.

5. Does squirt depend on the cue stick weight? Yes, but only when it
affects the endmass. Weight added more than about 10? away from the tip
apparently has little effect. This means that the player is free to
choose stick weight for other reasons without compromising squirt
characteristics.

6. Does squirt depend on the stick balance point? Yes, according to the
rigid cone approximation, but only because it has a small effect on the
endmass.

7. Do ivory or brass ferrules have more squirt than synthetic materials?
If so, it is primarily because of the density of the material and the
resulting effect on the endmass. It appears unlikely that the hardness
or other physical characteristics affect directly the squirt. However,
a thick brass ferrule will probably have more squirt than a thin brass
ferrule. Also, some ferrules are attached to the shaft with a metal
screw or stud; these cues probably have larger squirt than an otherwise
equivalent cue with a standard wood tenon.

8. Does the tip diameter affect squirt? Yes, because smaller tips will
have smaller endmass, all other things being equal. This trend is
predicted by the rigid cone model. However, there are other ways to
reduce endmass than by using a small tip diameter, such as the approach
used by the Predator design.

9. Does tip hardness affect squirt? No, not according to the above
analysis. This also suggests that the tip-ball contact time, which is
related to tip hardness, does not directly affect squirt, but this has
not been proven independently, and it is possible that contact time does
play at least a minor role in determining the effective endmass through
speed-of-sound mechanisms. To the extent that tip hardness is
independent of squirt, this means that the player is free to choose tip
hardness based on personal preference without compromising the squirt
characteristics.

10. Is squirt caused by the tip slipping on the ball? No, squirt occurs
even when the tip does not slip. The tip does not slip on normal shots.

11. Are there any stroke techniques that can be used to minimize squirt?
No, not unless the technique somehow reduces the tip offset, in which
case the same shot could have been achieved simply by stroking normally
and using the smaller tip offset in the first place.

12. Is it better to use an open bridge than a closed bridge? It is
possible that a tight closed bridge might increase the effective
endmass, and thereby increase squirt, but this is probably a very minor
effect.

13. For a given cue stick, will snooker balls squirt more than pool
balls, and will carom balls squirt less? There are two separate
effects, mass and ball diameter. Due to the ball/tip mass ratio, the
lighter snooker balls will tend to squirt more than pool balls, and the
heavier carom balls will tend to squirt less. Futhermore, the stick
pivot point depends on the ball radius, so, for a given relative tip
offset and ball/tip mass ratio, the larger balls will tend to have
longer stick pivot points.

14. If I use a low-squirt cue, must I suffer from excessive or sensitive
sidespin? All other things being equal, high-squirt cues will appear to
get slightly less spin (and speed) than a low-squirt cue for a given tip
offset, but this is a very minor effect, smaller, for example, than the
differences in tip curvature between two tips might affect the amount of
sidespin.

15. Does the amount of shaft bend, buckle, or vibration affect squirt?
No, the shaft is set into motion as the tip strikes the ball, but the
actual bending and/or buckling occurs after the short tip-ball contact
time. If the ball has already separated from the tip before the bending
occurs, then the bending and buckling can have no effect on the ball.

16. Must I trust the advertising of the cue makers to tell me how much
squirt a stick will have? No, the aim-and-pivot squirt test is a
reliable way to determine squirt, it requires no special equipment, and
with a little practice, it can be performed by anyone with a reasonably
straight stroke.

17. What is the optimal squirt characteristics for a break cue? The
stick pivot point should be at the bridge length. For most players,
this will be typically in the 14? to 16? range.

Add comment
Bob Jewett 12 April 2005 04:24:38 [ permanent link ]
 Patrick Johnson <patrick.johnsonREM­OVE@thiscomcast.net>­ wrote:
... I'd like to see this succinct summary of the most common> questions about this important topic given its own permanent> home where it can be easily referenced (either in the RSB FAQ> or separately linked from the RSB FAQ).

http://www.sfbillia­rds.com/sqrt.htm

is now referenced in the FAQ.

--

Bob Jewett
http://www.sfbillia­rds.com/

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